Raspberry Pi: GPIO
GPIO pin out
For Raspberry Pi model 2 and 3
It is unfortunate that each Raspberry Pi as more than one numbering scheme, and the numbers change/move around based on the version of the Pi. You specify in your Python code which numbering scheme you are using with the GPIO.setmode() command (see example code).
GPIO.setmode() has two acceptable values as follows:
- GPIO.BOARD specifies that you are referring to the pins by the number of the pin on the board. These are the numbers in grey, which are by themselves on the above diagram.
- GPIO.BCM means that you are referring to the pins by the "Broadcom SOC channel" number, these are the numbers that appear after the word "GPIO" in the orange rectangles on the above diagram.
Sample Python code and wiring
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
# Set board pin numbering system
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Setup each pin you use: whether it is input/output and if the default is on/off
GPIO.setup(4, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
GPIO.setup(25, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.add_event_detect(4, GPIO.BOTH)
def my_callback():
GPIO.output(25, GPIO.input(4))
GPIO.add_event_callback(4, my_callback)
Function references
GPIO Input
Syntax: val = GPIO( channel )
This will return either 0 / GPIO.LOW / False or 1 / GPIO.HIGH / True.
You can take a snapshot of an input at a moment in time:
if GPIO.input(channel):
print('Input was HIGH')
else:
print('Input was LOW')
To wait for a button press by polling in a loop:
while GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.LOW:
time.sleep(0.01) # wait 10 ms to give CPU chance to do other things
GPIO Outout
Syntax: GPIO.output( channel, state )
State can be 0 / GPIO.LOW / False or 1 / GPIO.HIGH / True.
To set an output high:
GPIO.output(12, GPIO.HIGH)
# or
GPIO.output(12, 1)
# or
GPIO.output(12, True)
To set an output low:
GPIO.output(12, GPIO.LOW)
# or
GPIO.output(12, 0)
# or
GPIO.output(12, False)
GPIO Event detection
Syntax: GPIO.add_event_detect(channel, event_to_look_for)
event_to_look_for
can be:
- GPIO.RISING - The value has moved to 1 / GPIO.HIGH / True
- GPIO.FALLING - The value has moved to 0 / GPIO.LOW / False
- GPIO.BOTH - The value has changed. Get the GPIO.input() function to determine which way.
GPIO.add_event_detect(channel, GPIO.RISING) # add rising edge detection on a channel
do_something()
if GPIO.event_detected(channel):
print('Button pressed')
GPIO Event callback
Syntax: GPIO.add_event_callback(channel, my_callback)
Setup a callback function to be executed whenever a value change is detected on an input pin.
def my_callback(channel):
print('Callback!')
GPIO.add_event_detect(channel, GPIO.RISING)
GPIO.add_event_callback(channel, my_callback)
GPIO Clean up
- Syntax:
GPIO.cleanup()
By returning all channels you have used back to inputs with no pull up/down, you can avoid accidental damage to your RPi by shorting out the pins. Note that this will only clean up GPIO channels that your script has used. Note that GPIO.cleanup() also clears the pin numbering system in use.
Obtain information about your board
To discover information about your RPi:
GPIO.RPI_INFO
To discover the Raspberry Pi board revision:
GPIO.RPI_INFO['P1_REVISION']
To discover the version of RPi.GPIO:
GPIO.VERSION
Further information
http://raspberry.io/projects/view/reading-and-writing-from-gpio-ports-from-python/ https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/12966/what-is-the-difference-between-board-and-bcm-for-gpio-pin-numbering https://sourceforge.net/p/raspberry-gpio-python/wiki/BasicUsage/